因子净值走势图
2014年相关政策:
2016年相关政策:
2016年1月1日起,A股新股发行将按新规申购,取消新股申购预先缴款制度,改为新股发行采用市值申购的方法,中签之后才缴款;
2016年3月1日起,国务院对证券发行注册制改革的授权将正式实施,实施期为两年;
2016年9月8日,证监会令第127号《关于修改<上市公司重大资产重组管理办法>的决定》第三次修订,内容包括:
因子各年收益率图
因子各投资组合月收益率统计
定价模型:Fama-French 五因子模型(剔除 SMB 因子)+ 动量因子(UMD 因子)
quantiles | group 1 | group 2 | group 3 | group 4 | group 5 | group 6 | group 7 | group 8 | group 9 | group 10 | group longshort | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
factor | ||||||||||||
circ_mv | 月度平均收益率(%) | 1.958378 | 1.849333 | 1.466919 | 1.353800 | 1.366368 | 1.335965 | 1.277364 | 1.210218 | 1.080285 | 0.871950 | 1.086428 |
收益率 NW t | 2.313517 | 2.212972 | 1.783318 | 1.698620 | 1.712576 | 1.728441 | 1.635161 | 1.622763 | 1.530509 | 1.369516 | 1.841258 | |
Alpha (%) | 1.583503 | 1.478341 | 1.109801 | 0.922878 | 0.893065 | 0.800404 | 0.684427 | 0.500489 | 0.216060 | -0.462694 | 2.046198 | |
Alpha NW t | 5.355921 | 5.032139 | 4.399725 | 3.520269 | 3.835135 | 3.425162 | 3.430898 | 2.974947 | 1.883193 | -3.874049 | 5.038553 | |
total_asset | 月度平均收益率(%) | 1.087403 | 1.471212 | 1.375106 | 1.310263 | 1.416423 | 1.385037 | 1.230541 | 1.250656 | 1.041834 | 0.896903 | 0.190500 |
收益率 NW t | 1.299155 | 1.825368 | 1.783926 | 1.735707 | 1.887360 | 1.845265 | 1.652860 | 1.736417 | 1.455396 | 1.369984 | 0.295561 | |
Alpha (%) | 0.682620 | 1.042912 | 0.926520 | 0.820039 | 0.883685 | 0.829724 | 0.511193 | 0.390871 | 0.092564 | -0.471185 | 1.153805 | |
Alpha NW t | 2.626506 | 3.860093 | 3.721178 | 3.800572 | 4.114983 | 4.035878 | 2.793379 | 3.230498 | 0.806810 | -3.998193 | 3.227796 | |
sales | 月度平均收益率(%) | 1.209025 | 1.085460 | 1.357907 | 1.244088 | 1.095903 | 1.183689 | 1.370769 | 1.155603 | 1.183575 | 0.886050 | 0.322975 |
收益率 NW t | 1.405842 | 1.350309 | 1.727070 | 1.661930 | 1.434482 | 1.646397 | 1.870449 | 1.573255 | 1.681359 | 1.392925 | 0.521970 | |
Alpha (%) | 0.815609 | 0.601713 | 0.771507 | 0.666030 | 0.498688 | 0.542321 | 0.607784 | 0.268603 | 0.113227 | -0.455794 | 1.271403 | |
Alpha NW t | 3.090332 | 2.524470 | 3.388151 | 3.547543 | 2.360310 | 3.531132 | 3.852230 | 2.103110 | 1.089748 | -3.636779 | 3.427172 |
描述性统计 (按流通市值分组)
Group Small | Group 2 | Group 3 | Group 4 | Group 5 | Group 6 | Group 7 | Group 8 | Group 9 | Group Big | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MV (billion) | 23.1560 | 27.4160 | 32.4237 | 38.5746 | 46.5412 | 57.6343 | 74.6112 | 103.3299 | 167.1723 | 793.7896 |
BETA | 1.1514 | 1.1490 | 1.1497 | 1.1552 | 1.1514 | 1.1490 | 1.1478 | 1.1448 | 1.1359 | 1.0675 |
PB | 1.8953 | 1.9548 | 2.0571 | 2.0706 | 2.1320 | 2.2269 | 2.2365 | 2.2687 | 2.1583 | 1.7801 |
ROA | 0.0325 | 0.0339 | 0.0352 | 0.0372 | 0.0408 | 0.0446 | 0.0498 | 0.0542 | 0.0594 | 0.0622 |
TURNOVER (%) | 3.0893 | 2.9779 | 2.8421 | 2.7707 | 2.5922 | 2.4993 | 2.3305 | 2.1283 | 1.8288 | 1.3060 |
ILLIQ | 0.0750 | 0.0629 | 0.0551 | 0.0474 | 0.0419 | 0.0350 | 0.0291 | 0.0229 | 0.0164 | 0.0076 |
Risk-based theories: small firms are more likely to suffer depression than large firms, so small firms require higher returns as compensation.
There may be a relationship between quality and size.
Value investors define a quality stock as one that is safe, profitable and growing.
Asness (2018, 2019) provides a composite quality measure. They show that quality interacts with size and it is quality premium that drives the variation in the size premium over time. Controlling for quality, the size effect becomes significant and stable over time instead.
Liquidity theories: size effect can be explained by compensation for liquidity risk.
Amihud (2002, 2014) finds that size strongly interacts with liquidity, and after controlling for other risk exposures, the liquidity factor still has significant abnormal returns.
Asness (2018) find that, in the US equity market, the size effect can be resurrected by controlling for firms' financial quality, and the size premium significantly drops after controlling for the difference in liquidity risk.
Strict IPO regulations:
Li and Zhang (2019) show that 83% of reverse mergers in China involve shells coming from the smallest 30% of stocks.
Lee, Qu and Shen (2017) report that stocks with high shell value produce higher returns than stocks with low shell value.
Sentiment
Unlike the US stock market, small-cap stocks have higher average turnover than large stocks in China.
Institutional investor grouped together.
IPO监管与机构抱团
时序回归模型:
所有因子均由对应公司特征与流通市值$3\times2$无条件双重排序构建,其中使用公司特征包括:
HML: Book-to-Market ratio
RMW: ROE (trailing 12 months, TTM)
CMA: Asset Growth (year-to-year)
UMD: T-12 to T-1 month momentum
IML: 12-months Amihud Illiquidty
QML: Rank normalization sum of Profit, Growth and Safety
Profit: Gross profit (TTM) over assets
Growth: Total revenue growth (year-to-year)
Safety: 12-months idiosyncratic volatility (compared to CAPM)
BaoTuan: 机构持仓占比(Wind数据来源:上市公司定期报告中披露十大流通股东;基金定期报告中披露的前十大重仓股(季报)、全部持仓明细(中报、年报));其中不同月份变量参考:
回归模型包括:
================================================================================================================================================ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ const 0.0095* 0.0112** 0.0203*** 0.0205*** 0.0205*** 0.0165*** 0.0184*** 0.0171*** 0.0021 0.0020 -0.0032 -0.0035 (0.0053) (0.0052) (0.0042) (0.0041) (0.0038) (0.0042) (0.0048) (0.0038) (0.0037) (0.0041) (0.0030) (0.0031) mktpremium 0.1688* 0.1610** -0.0079 0.0033 -0.0535 0.0126 0.1181* -0.0063 0.1430*** 0.1135*** 0.0912** 0.0641 (0.0876) (0.0689) (0.0736) (0.0696) (0.0582) (0.0569) (0.0657) (0.0747) (0.0516) (0.0418) (0.0418) (0.0425) hml -0.9631*** -0.8533*** -1.1363*** -1.0002*** -1.3994*** -1.6141*** -0.5660*** -0.6238*** -0.5794*** -0.2776*** -0.1861** (0.2451) (0.1566) (0.1648) (0.1596) (0.1566) (0.2059) (0.2162) (0.1111) (0.1158) (0.1021) (0.0903) rmw -1.2960*** -1.1275*** -1.0224*** -0.4062*** (0.2200) (0.2220) (0.1573) (0.1474) cma 0.1043 0.2569 -0.0284 0.1140 (0.2450) (0.2445) (0.1940) (0.1578) quality -1.2293*** -1.0280*** -0.4784*** (0.2068) (0.2001) (0.1187) Q1:profit -1.1822*** (0.2519) Q2:growth -0.9755*** (0.3100) Q3:safety -0.9516*** (0.2038) umd -0.4132*** -0.6425*** -0.6190*** -0.6467*** -0.7819*** -0.1316 -0.3296*** -0.0665 -0.1334 (0.1527) (0.1615) (0.1669) (0.1872) (0.1933) (0.1149) (0.1186) (0.0894) (0.0865) iml 1.0856*** 1.1342*** 1.2998*** 1.3314*** (0.0989) (0.1036) (0.0929) (0.0835) baotuan -1.0099*** -1.0393*** (0.0964) (0.1019) R-squared 0.0327 0.2723 0.5646 0.5900 0.5548 0.5108 0.4271 0.4524 0.7500 0.7359 0.8243 0.8254 R-squared Adj. 0.0273 0.2641 0.5547 0.5782 0.5446 0.4997 0.4140 0.4399 0.7414 0.7283 0.8172 0.8194 ================================================================================================================================================ Standard errors in parentheses. * p<.1, ** p<.05, ***p<.01
回归结论:
控制质量因子,市值效应显著增强;
相关文献:Asness, C., Frazzini, A., Israel, R., Moskowitz, T. J., & Pedersen, L. H. (2018). Size matters, if you control your junk. Journal of Financial Economics, 129(3), 479-509.
小市值公司在过去遭遇过困境使得市值大幅下滑;
相关文献:Chan, K. C., & Chen, N. F. (1991). Structural and return characteristics of small and large firms. The journal of finance, 46(4), 1467-1484.
市值效应是非流动性风险的代理变量;
相关文献:Alquist, R., Israel, R., & Moskowitz, T. (2018). Fact, fiction, and the size effect. The Journal of Portfolio Management, 45(1), 34-61.
进一步验证:
Quality和 Size 5$\times$5 Double-Sorting
grpby_size_on_quality | group 1 | group 2 | group 3 | group 4 | group 5 | group longshort | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
grpby_quality | |||||||
group 1 | avg_return | 1.4615 | 1.0780 | 0.8171 | 0.5314 | 0.4098 | 1.0517 |
nw_t_return | 1.6628 | 1.2415 | 0.9613 | 0.6534 | 0.5360 | 2.5231 | |
FF5_alpha | 1.1453 | 0.8125 | 0.5115 | 0.1082 | -0.2258 | 1.3711 | |
nw_t_FF5_alpha | 3.3768 | 2.8645 | 1.8458 | 0.4450 | -0.9867 | 3.3751 | |
group 2 | avg_return | 1.8823 | 1.3547 | 1.2378 | 1.2097 | 0.7411 | 1.1412 |
nw_t_return | 2.1463 | 1.6557 | 1.4667 | 1.5044 | 0.9986 | 2.2842 | |
FF5_alpha | 1.5341 | 1.0606 | 0.7089 | 0.5526 | -0.2594 | 1.7935 | |
nw_t_FF5_alpha | 4.4453 | 4.0445 | 2.5357 | 2.9500 | -1.3709 | 4.1003 | |
group 3 | avg_return | 2.0213 | 1.4765 | 1.5015 | 1.2829 | 0.7242 | 1.2971 |
nw_t_return | 2.3867 | 1.8660 | 1.8842 | 1.6424 | 1.0289 | 2.6563 | |
FF5_alpha | 1.5990 | 1.0486 | 0.9648 | 0.6014 | -0.3791 | 1.9782 | |
nw_t_FF5_alpha | 4.6180 | 3.5906 | 3.9744 | 2.5285 | -1.9722 | 4.4594 | |
group 4 | avg_return | 2.1514 | 1.9514 | 1.5346 | 1.4812 | 0.5448 | 1.6067 |
nw_t_return | 2.6405 | 2.3918 | 2.0661 | 1.9327 | 0.8334 | 3.1420 | |
FF5_alpha | 1.6952 | 1.4755 | 0.9844 | 0.7655 | -0.5830 | 2.2781 | |
nw_t_FF5_alpha | 5.6240 | 4.5854 | 3.8981 | 3.7573 | -4.2983 | 6.0861 | |
group 5 | avg_return | 2.0394 | 1.7627 | 1.6710 | 1.4969 | 1.1952 | 0.8442 |
nw_t_return | 2.6059 | 2.4301 | 2.4863 | 2.2084 | 1.8452 | 1.3782 | |
FF5_alpha | 1.5240 | 1.1831 | 1.0210 | 0.5534 | -0.3269 | 1.8510 | |
nw_t_FF5_alpha | 4.9886 | 4.1179 | 3.9686 | 2.9041 | -1.9124 | 4.3208 |
Quality和 Illiquidity 5$\times$5 Double-Sorting
grpby_liq_on_quality | group 1 | group 2 | group 3 | group 4 | group 5 | group longshort | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
grpby_quality | |||||||
group 1 | avg_return | 0.1289 | 0.7102 | 0.7815 | 1.5083 | 1.5524 | 1.4234 |
nw_t_return | 0.1613 | 0.8861 | 0.9644 | 1.8124 | 1.9026 | 3.3493 | |
FF5_alpha | -0.4914 | 0.3168 | 0.3914 | 1.1369 | 1.2029 | 1.6942 | |
nw_t_FF5_alpha | -1.9334 | 1.2663 | 1.5979 | 3.7108 | 3.7232 | 4.0107 | |
group 2 | avg_return | 0.6231 | 1.1153 | 1.2825 | 1.6968 | 1.7362 | 1.1131 |
nw_t_return | 0.7971 | 1.4504 | 1.6446 | 2.1269 | 2.2332 | 2.5185 | |
FF5_alpha | -0.3776 | 0.4494 | 0.7762 | 1.1671 | 1.3164 | 1.6940 | |
nw_t_FF5_alpha | -1.7773 | 2.4751 | 3.5799 | 4.3718 | 4.8828 | 4.5452 | |
group 3 | avg_return | 0.7342 | 0.9196 | 1.3973 | 1.7309 | 1.8688 | 1.1347 |
nw_t_return | 1.0178 | 1.1972 | 1.8927 | 2.1753 | 2.5299 | 2.4799 | |
FF5_alpha | -0.3628 | 0.2077 | 0.7335 | 1.1794 | 1.4227 | 1.7855 | |
nw_t_FF5_alpha | -1.9474 | 1.0482 | 3.1934 | 4.5608 | 4.4055 | 4.2242 | |
group 4 | avg_return | 0.5450 | 1.1744 | 1.5593 | 1.7772 | 2.0669 | 1.5219 |
nw_t_return | 0.7937 | 1.6049 | 2.2634 | 2.4317 | 2.8949 | 3.3418 | |
FF5_alpha | -0.5697 | 0.3628 | 0.9560 | 1.1943 | 1.5645 | 2.1342 | |
nw_t_FF5_alpha | -3.8274 | 2.0726 | 4.8984 | 4.0505 | 5.3191 | 5.8165 | |
group 5 | avg_return | 1.2033 | 1.4856 | 1.3424 | 1.7738 | 2.1923 | 0.9890 |
nw_t_return | 1.8276 | 2.2224 | 2.0769 | 2.6812 | 3.2203 | 1.8473 | |
FF5_alpha | -0.3337 | 0.4957 | 0.6093 | 1.1884 | 1.5833 | 1.9169 | |
nw_t_FF5_alpha | -1.8658 | 2.6531 | 2.6995 | 4.3628 | 5.5256 | 4.5049 |
假设$\beta$恒定
<AxesSubplot:title={'center':'规模溢价分解'}, xlabel='交易月份', ylabel='累计收益率(%)'>
假设$\beta$时变
<AxesSubplot:title={'center':'规模溢价分解(滚动五年)'}, xlabel='交易月份', ylabel='累计收益率(%)'>
假设$\beta$恒定
<AxesSubplot:title={'center':'规模溢价分解'}, xlabel='交易月份', ylabel='累计收益率(%)'>
假设$\beta$时变
<AxesSubplot:title={'center':'规模溢价分解(滚动五年)'}, xlabel='交易月份', ylabel='累计收益率(%)'>
100%市值因子
NW t值 | 月度平均收益率 (%) | 月度波动率 (%) | 年化夏普比率 | 最大回撤 (%) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
表现评价指标 | 1.841258 | 1.086428 | 7.794711 | 0.396973 | 64.376711 |
100%盈利因子
NW t值 | 月度平均收益率 (%) | 月度波动率 (%) | 年化夏普比率 | 最大回撤 (%) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
表现评价指标 | 0.976728 | 0.413843 | 5.51399 | 0.138264 | 35.0143 |
100%质量因子
NW t值 | 月度平均收益率 (%) | 月度波动率 (%) | 年化夏普比率 | 最大回撤 (%) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
表现评价指标 | 2.468257 | 0.592149 | 3.283554 | 0.420572 | 22.690804 |
100%抱团因子
NW t值 | 月度平均收益率 (%) | 月度波动率 (%) | 年化夏普比率 | 最大回撤 (%) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
表现评价指标 | 0.288047 | 0.07301 | 3.376177 | -0.123752 | 29.186945 |
50%市值因子+50%盈利因子
NW t值 | 月度平均收益率 (%) | 月度波动率 (%) | 年化夏普比率 | 最大回撤 (%) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
表现评价指标 | 3.921509 | 0.750135 | 2.561425 | 0.753154 | 19.05962 |
50%市值因子+50%质量因子
NW t值 | 月度平均收益率 (%) | 月度波动率 (%) | 年化夏普比率 | 最大回撤 (%) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
表现评价指标 | 3.547028 | 0.839288 | 3.155272 | 0.710028 | 18.549181 |
50%市值因子+50%抱团因子
NW t值 | 月度平均收益率 (%) | 月度波动率 (%) | 年化夏普比率 | 最大回撤 (%) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
表现评价指标 | 2.491505 | 0.579719 | 3.109465 | 0.430812 | 31.772363 |
33%市值因子+33%盈利因子+33%抱团因子
NW t值 | 月度平均收益率 (%) | 月度波动率 (%) | 年化夏普比率 | 最大回撤 (%) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
表现评价指标 | 3.991777 | 0.524427 | 1.768663 | 0.648598 | 11.482574 |
33%市值因子+33%质量因子+33%抱团因子
NW t值 | 月度平均收益率 (%) | 月度波动率 (%) | 年化夏普比率 | 最大回撤 (%) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
表现评价指标 | 4.201453 | 0.583862 | 1.892617 | 0.716499 | 7.525452 |